Комментарии: PAT *ħʷa (with accent variation in Abkh.); PAK *ʎǝ-χʷǝ- / *ʎǝ-χʷa- (on the distribution of the two forms and the preverbial nature of *ʎǝ- see Shagirov 1,256); Ub. sǝ-χʷá-n (Shagirov ibid. compares Ub. χʷá-č́a- / χʷa-č́á- 'to search' - which obviously contains the same root). In Adygh cf. also *χʷa-psa- 'to envy' ("ask" + "soul") > Ad., Kab. χʷa-psa-.
Комментарии: Attested only within compounds: PAK *χʷǝ-bŁa 'sheep' (q.v.), *χʷǝ-rǝ́-sʷa 'sheepskin' (Ad. χʷǝrǝś̌, Kab. χʷǝrǝfa). Cf. also Kab. χʷǝreṭ 'an exclamation for urging sheep'. The verbal root *χʷǝ 'to graze, breed' (despite Shagirov 2) is to be kept apart.
Since only the PAK form is attested, for PWC *χʷ, *χ́ʷ or *χIʷ can be reconstructed.
Комментарии: PAT *ħʷǝ-śǝ, pl. *ħʷa-ra (cf. Abkh. a-ħʷá-ra, Bzyb. a-ħʷǝ́ś,a-ħʷára, Abaz. pl. ħʷa-ra); PAK *χʷǝ.
The etymological relation of PAT *ħʷǝ and PAK *χʷǝ is quite transparent (cf., e.g., the same combination of meanings in the reflexes of the related PL *χ:Iol), and the attempts to relate PAK *χʷǝ to the verb *χʷǝ- 'to ripen, to become' (Яковлев 1948, 180, Shagirov 1977,2,112) are obviously folk-etymological. Ub. χʷǝ (compared with PAK *χʷǝ by Abdokov 1973, 73) may be an Ad. loan (which is the idea of T. Esenč, see Vogt 1963, 209, and of Shagirov 1977,2,112), but may well also be genuinely related (the phonetic correspondences are quite regular).
Комментарии: PAK *χʷǝrá-jA. Shagirov (2, 114) suggests a loan from Arab. kura 'circle, globe', but this is improbable phonetically. Ubykh has two words for 'round' (see Vogt 210): χʷǝrǝ́-b and χʷǝráj - the latter is obviously an AK loanword, but the former may be genetically related to the AK form.
Комментарии: PAT *ħa- (with preverbs); PAK *χʷǝ- (with the preverb *xa-). In PAT, from the same root is derived the adjective *ħa-raḳǝ 'high, tall' (Abkh. á-ħaraḳ, Abaz. ħaraḳǝ). In PAK the verb has acquired also a more general meaning ('to grow' > 'to become').
Комментарии: PAT *ʒǝ-ʕʷV (with *ʒǝ 'water'; the meaning 'marsh' in Abkh. is secondary - the word has replaced an original *a-ʒǝ-bʕa = Abaz. ʒbʕa 'marsh'); PAK *psǝ́-χʷa (with *psǝ 'water' q.v.; Shagirov 2,19 discovers the root χʷa- also in Ad. χʷā-t 'ravine', χʷa-wǝ 'deep ravine'); the component tʷa- in Ub. is not quite clear (perhaps "liquid", cf. ja-ṭʷá 'sweat' < *'liquid'?). PAT has *ʕʷ instead of the expected *ħʷ as a result of assimilation to *ʒ within the compound *ʒǝ-ħʷV > *ʒǝ-ʕʷV.
